How EHR data is stored and copied for analytics, key tables (patients, encounters, orders, results, diagnoses), report types, SQL for EHR questions and data validation.
Operational vs reporting databases
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• The operational database powers live clinical use — optimized for one patient at a time (e.g. Epic's Chronicles, a hierarchical database).
• Data is extracted to a relational reporting database (e.g. Epic Clarity) usually every night, and to data warehouses (e.g. Epic Caboodle, Oracle Health/HealtheIntent, or the organization's own warehouse) for analytics.
• Real-time dashboards may use different near-real-time feeds.
Know the latency: a Clarity report shows yesterday's data, not this minute's.