Guided Notes

Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems

How the heart, vessels and lungs work, the conditions coders see most (hypertension, heart failure, MI, AFib, COPD, asthma, pneumonia) and the procedures that treat them.

The heart and circulation

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The heart has four chambers: right atrium and ventricle (pump blood to the lungs), left atrium and ventricle (pump oxygen-rich blood to the body). Valves (tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic) keep blood moving one way.

Coronary arteries feed the heart muscle itself — blockages here cause angina and heart attacks (myocardial infarction, MI).

The electrical system (SA node, AV node) sets the rhythm — problems cause arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation (AFib).

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