Exceptions & Debugging

• Compile errors — the code breaks Java's rules (a missing semicolon, a wrong type). javac refuses to build it and shows the file and line. • Runtime errors — exceptions thrown while the program runs, such as dividing an int by zero or using a null reference. • Logic errors — the program runs but gives the wrong answer. No error message; you find them by testing.

The compiler catches the first kind; exception handling deals with the second; tests catch the third.