Loops

while, do-while, and for loops; break and continue; nested loops; and avoiding infinite and off-by-one errors.

Three loops

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Loop	Checks condition	Use when
while (cond) { }	Before each round	Repeat while something is true
do { } while (cond);	After each round	Body must run at least once (menus, input)
for (init; cond; step) { }	Before each round	Counting a known number of times