MySQL

Introduction to MySQL

What MySQL and relational databases are, tables, rows, and columns, the practice database, and your first SELECT.

SELECT, WHERE & ORDER BY

Choosing columns, DISTINCT, filtering rows with WHERE and AND/OR/NOT, sorting with ORDER BY, and limiting results with LIMIT.

INSERT, UPDATE & DELETE

Adding rows with INSERT INTO, working with NULL values, changing data with UPDATE, and removing rows with DELETE — safely.

MIN, MAX, COUNT, AVG & SUM

Summarizing data with aggregate functions, counting rows and distinct values, rounding, and how NULLs affect results.

LIKE, IN, BETWEEN & Aliases

Pattern matching with LIKE and wildcards, list matching with IN, ranges with BETWEEN, and readable results with column and table aliases.

Joins

Combining tables with INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, and CROSS joins, joining three tables, and self joins.

GROUP BY, HAVING & UNION

One summary row per group with GROUP BY, filtering groups with HAVING, WITH ROLLUP totals, and stacking results with UNION.

Subqueries, EXISTS, ANY & ALL

Queries inside queries: scalar and list subqueries, EXISTS and NOT EXISTS, ANY and ALL, and INSERT INTO ... SELECT.

CASE, NULL Functions & Operators

Conditional values with CASE and IF, handling NULLs with IFNULL and COALESCE, comments, and MySQL's operators.

Creating Databases & Tables

CREATE and DROP DATABASE, CREATE TABLE with MySQL data types, ALTER TABLE, DROP and TRUNCATE, and choosing the right types.

Constraints & AUTO_INCREMENT

NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, CHECK, and DEFAULT constraints, plus AUTO_INCREMENT keys and referential actions.

Indexes & Views

Speeding up queries with indexes, reading EXPLAIN, composite and unique indexes, and saving queries as views.

Dates & Built-in Functions

Date and time functions, DATE_FORMAT and date arithmetic, string functions, and numeric functions — MySQL's function reference in practice.

Transactions, Procedures & Users

All-or-nothing changes with START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK, ACID, stored procedures, and managing users and privileges.